A lightweight noise-tolerant encryption scheme for secure communication: An unmanned aerial vehicle application.

In the modern era, researchers have focused a great deal of effort on multimedia security and fast processing to address computational processing time difficulties. Due to limited battery capacity and storage, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) must use energy-efficient processing. In order to overcome the vulnerability of time inefficiency and provide an appropriate degree of security for digital images, this paper proposes a new encryption system based on the bit-plane extraction method, chaos theory, and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Using confusion and diffusion processes, chaos theory is used to modify image pixels. In contrast, bit-plane extraction and DWT are employed to reduce the processing time required for encryption. Multiple cyberattack analysis, including noise and cropping attacks, are performed by adding random noise to the ciphertext image in order to determine the proposed encryption scheme's resistance to such attacks. In addition, a variety of statistical security analyses, including entropy, contrast, energy, correlation, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and mean square error (MSE), are performed to evaluate the security of the proposed encryption system. Moreover, a comparison is made between the statistical security analysis of the proposed encryption scheme and the existing work to demonstrate that the suggested encryption scheme is better to the existing ones.

Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications. METHODS: We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications. CONCLUSIONS: The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.

Design and Validation of Education Multimedia Program for Patients With Fecal Diversions: A Quality Improvement Project to Enhance Self-Care.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to design and validate a multimedia educational software program for patients with fecal diversions. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Ten individuals who had fecal diversion surgery and 10 experts including nurses, physicians, nutritionists, and information technologists from Imam Khomeini and Rasule Akram Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, the 2 main centers in which fecal diversion surgery took place, were included in the study. APPROACH: The multimedia educational software for patients with ostomy was developed in 3 phases including development and creation, validity, and modification of the software. Data for phase 1 were collected using 2 questionnaires, the Multimedia Survey Questionnaire for Clients and the Multimedia Survey Questionnaire for Experts, and several open-ended questions to further determine the content and face validity of the multimedia content for the education prototype. OUTCOMES: The mean ± standard deviation [SD] of multimedia evaluation by the 10 patients was 60 ± 3.27, indicating high user satisfaction. The mean ± SD of multimedia evaluation by the 10 experts was 171.1 ± 19.2, suggesting the content was of high quality. Content and face validity were reported to be 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. The program was then created and called "Self-Care of Ostomy," which consisted of 8 computer-based modules with 22 short videos and slide presentations available for viewing by patients with newly created ostomies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This multimedia program can provide patients with simple, portable, understandable, objective, user-friendly information about ostomy care. Future studies should address the effectiveness of ostomy management among patients, families, and care providers.

The Overall Awareness and Impact of the WIXX Multimedia Communication Campaign, 2012-2016.

Background: Evidence regarding the impact of physical activity (PA) communication campaigns among children is scarce. This study was aimed at examining the reach of the WIXX campaign and its impact on children's PA beliefs and behaviors. Methods: This study adopted a pre-posttest design. Children (9-13 y old) were recruited using a random digit dialing procedure. Self-reported outcomes included PA beliefs, trying new PAs, and meeting PA guidelines. WIXX awareness and survey periods were the treatment variables. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the main effect of treatment variables and the time-specific impact of WIXX. Results: The campaign reached 80.3% of the children. Fully adjusted results showed that girls with high (odd ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.0) and moderate (odd ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.8) awareness were more likely to have tried new PAs. Results from the sensitivity analyses suggested that this positive result was due to strategies implemented during the second year of the campaign. No other significant association between exposure and outcomes was observed. Conclusions: The WIXX campaign was successful in reaching a significant proportion of children. Although some encouraging results were observed among girls, WIXX awareness was not associated with changes on the examined outcomes among boys.

Effects of Multimedia Framed Messages on Human Papillomavirus Prevention Among Adolescents.

The purposes of this study were to develop gain-framed (benefits of performing behaviors) and loss-framed (costs of not performing behaviors) messages and to identify the effects of these messages on human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical cancer awareness and vaccination intention. Self-administered questionnaires and effect-size measurements were used to evaluate the effects of the framed HPV vaccination messages delivered through multimedia. The results showed that gain-framed and loss-framed messages equally improved HPV knowledge ( d = 2.147-2.112) and attitude toward HPV vaccination ( d = 0.375-0.422). The intent to receive HPV vaccinations for cervical cancer prevention was higher in the two intervention groups ( d = 0.369-0.378) in which the participants were informed that public funding for the vaccination was available. Participants who received loss-framed HPV education messages paid statistically significantly more attention to health education and expressed more concern for sexual health than participants who received gain-framed HPV education messages.

Multimedia MEDICINA BUCAL como complemento educativo para estudiantes de tercer año de Estomatología / Multimedia MEDICINA BUCAL as an educational complement for third-year dentistry students

Introducción: Medicina Bucal I constituye una de las asignaturas rectoras dentro de la carrera de Estomatología, las nuevas plataformas de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones constituyen una vía adecuada para fomentar su estudio. Objetivo: elaborar una multimedia para el estudio de la asignatura Medicina Bucal I en estudiantes de tercer año de Estomatología. Método: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, de septiembre de 2015 a octubre de 2016. El universo estuvo formado por todos los estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Estomatología, así como el claustro de profesores que imparten la asignatura Medicina Bucal I. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía sobre el tema recopilándose la información necesaria para la elaboración de la multimedia. Resultados: el producto recibió valoraciones positivas por parte de los usuarios, y en cuanto a los expertos, la mayoría emitió criterios de muy adecuado respecto a los diferentes aspectos que lo conforman, considerándose pertinente su generalización en la docencia. Conclusiones: se obtuvo un recurso de aprendizaje que permite al estudiante de la carrera de Estomatología interactuar con los contenidos de la asignatura Medicina Bucal I, de fácil acceso y transportación, lo cual contribuyó a elevar la calidad de la enseñanza en el marco del desarrollo del conocimiento(AU)

Introduction: Oral Medicine-I is one of the leading subjects within dentistry studies, the new platforms of Information and Communication Technologies are an appropriate way to promote learning. Objective: to elaborate a multimedia for the study of the Oral Medicine-I subject in third year of dentistry studies. Method: a technological development research was carried out at Pinar del Rio University of Medical Sciences, from September 2015 to October 2016. The target group was comprised of all third-year dentistry students, as well as the staff of professors who teach the subject Oral Medicine-I. Theoretical and empirical methods were used; a literature review of the subject was carried out, compiling the necessary information for the multimedia design. Results: the product resulted in positive assessment from the users, and as for the experts, the majority issued "very adequate" criteria regarding the different aspects of the multimedia, considering its generalization to facilitate the teaching-learning process. Conclusions: a learning resource was obtained that allows dentistry students to interact with the contents of the subject of Oral Medicine-I, it is of easy access and transportation, which contributed to increase the quality of the teaching-learning process within the framework of the development of knowledge(AU)

Multimedia MEDICINA BUCAL como complemento educativo para estudiantes de tercer año de Estomatología / Multimedia MEDICINA BUCAL as an educational complement for third-year dentistry students

Introducción: Medicina Bucal I constituye una de las asignaturas rectoras dentro de la carrera de Estomatología, las nuevas plataformas de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones constituyen una vía adecuada para fomentar su estudio. Objetivo: elaborar una multimedia para el estudio de la asignatura Medicina Bucal I en estudiantes de tercer año de Estomatología. Método: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, de septiembre de 2015 a octubre de 2016. El universo estuvo formado por todos los estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Estomatología, así como el claustro de profesores que imparten la asignatura Medicina Bucal I. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía sobre el tema recopilándose la información necesaria para la elaboración de la multimedia. Resultados: el producto recibió valoraciones positivas por parte de los usuarios, y en cuanto a los expertos, la mayoría emitió criterios de muy adecuado respecto a los diferentes aspectos que lo conforman, considerándose pertinente su generalización en la docencia. Conclusiones: se obtuvo un recurso de aprendizaje que permite al estudiante de la carrera de Estomatología interactuar con los contenidos de la asignatura Medicina Bucal I, de fácil acceso y transportación, lo cual contribuyó a elevar la calidad de la enseñanza en el marco del desarrollo del conocimiento(AU)

Introduction: Oral Medicine-I is one of the leading subjects within dentistry studies, the new platforms of Information and Communication Technologies are an appropriate way to promote learning. Objective: to elaborate a multimedia for the study of the Oral Medicine-I subject in third year of dentistry studies. Method: a technological development research was carried out at Pinar del Rio University of Medical Sciences, from September 2015 to October 2016. The target group was comprised of all third-year dentistry students, as well as the staff of professors who teach the subject Oral Medicine-I. Theoretical and empirical methods were used; a literature review of the subject was carried out, compiling the necessary information for the multimedia design. Results: the product resulted in positive assessment from the users, and as for the experts, the majority issued "very adequate" criteria regarding the different aspects of the multimedia, considering its generalization to facilitate the teaching-learning process. Conclusions: a learning resource was obtained that allows dentistry students to interact with the contents of the subject of Oral Medicine-I, it is of easy access and transportation, which contributed to increase the quality of the teaching-learning process within the framework of the development of knowledge(AU)

A Multimedia Dissection Module for Scalp, Meninges, and Dural Partitions.

Introduction: For students beginning their medical education, the neuroscience curriculum is frequently seen as the most difficult, and many express an aversion to the topic. A major reason for this aversion amongst learners is the perceived complexity of neuroanatomy. By means of a video tutorial, this module aims to help students feel confident with the cadaveric dissection and identification of key anatomical structures as well as improve comprehension of associated clinical correlations presented for the scalp, meninges, and dural partitions. Methods: The authors expanded upon an established neuroscience curriculum, designed for first-year medical students, with the addition of a dissection video tutorial. A survey was provided to all students for feedback. Results: Of 36 students who participated in the survey, a majority (72%, n = 26) rated the video tutorial 5 out of 5 for helpfulness, and 53% (n = 19) rated the video 4 out of 5 for perceived confidence after viewing prior to the dissection. Most students viewed the tutorial only once prior to the dissection. Discussion: This video tutorial focuses on the structures and clinical correlations related to the scalp, meninges, and dura; provides useful graphics for identification of checklisted structures for predissection preparation; and serves as a succinct step-by-step guide for the dissection and as a study aid for review. Its addition to the already established curriculum was well received by the student group, a majority of whom found it helpful and had a high level of perceived confidence prior to the start of the dissection.

Punch up your podium presentations.

The goal of most presentations is to engage audience participants. Effective presenters go beyond content expertise to connect with audiences through various techniques, formats, and presentation styles. Mayer's theory of multimedia learning, neurocognitive factors, and the assertion-evidence approach are essential elements that presenters can use if they have not had formal training in creating presentations. Tips are offered on how to connect with the audience and how to avoid known pitfalls.

A multimedia campaign to improve back beliefs in patients with non-specific low back pain: a process evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent and costly disorders worldwide. To reduce its burden in the Netherlands, implementation of a multidisciplinary guideline for LBP was supported by a multifaceted eHealth campaign for patients with LBP. The current study aims 1) to evaluate whether the implementation strategy was performed as planned; 2) to assess the feasibility, barriers and facilitators of the patient based eHealth campaign; 3) to gain insight into the satisfaction and experiences of patients with various ethnic backgrounds with the implementation strategy and to make a comparison between them; and 4) to explore the association between exposure to and satisfaction with the implementation strategy. METHODS: This process evaluation was performed using the Linnan and Steckler framework, and used a mixed methods approach for data collection and analysis. The relationship between satisfaction of patients and exposure to the strategy was statistically examined. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using qualitative data analysis methods. RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen patients participated in the quantitative, and 44 in the qualitative analysis. Most were female and had a high level of education. Many patients did not use the campaign at all or only once, and those that did rated it as reasonable. Patient satisfaction with the campaign increased significantly with an increase in its use. Qualitative analysis showed that four main themes played a role in campaign rating and use: satisfaction with intervention components, perceived benefits of the intervention, usage of the intervention, and satisfaction with the medium used. CONCLUSION: This process evaluation showed that the eHealth campaign was used only by a small proportion of patients with non-specific LBP. It seemed that the campaign was offered to the patients too late, that the lay-out of the campaign did not meet patient needs, and that healthcare providers rarely discussed the campaign with their patients, while involvement of those providers seemed to improve trustworthiness of the campaign and increase its usage. It is important to invest effort into healthcare providers to motivate patients to use eHealth intervention and to tailor strategies better to the needs of users. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR4329 . Registered December 20th, 2013.

Development of an evaluation framework for publicly funded R&D projects: The case of Korea's Next Generation Network.

For decades, efforts have been made globally to measure the performance of large-scale public projects and to develop a framework to perform such measurements due to the complexity and dynamics of R&D and stakeholder interests. Still, limitations such as the use of a simply modified model and the lack of a comprehensive viewpoint are prevalent in existing approaches. In light of these research gaps, this study suggests a practical model to evaluate the performance of large-scale and publicly funded projects. The proposed model suggests a standard matrix framework of indices that evaluates the performance of particular elements in an industrial ecosystem in vertical categories and the economic and technological outcomes of those elements in horizontal categories. Based on the application of a balanced scorecard, this study uses mixed methodologies such as social network analysis, inter-industry analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the model evaluates the performance of Korea's Next Generation Network project as a case study.

Comunicación científica (XXVIII). Nuevas formas de difusión de contenidos: streaming, webcasting y podcasting / Scientific communication (XXVIII). New ways of distributing content: streaming, webcasting and podcasting

La distribución y difusión de contenidos multimedia a través de internet se ha convertido en una herramienta de comunicación relativamente barata y sencilla en su manejo, por lo que la usan educadores, profesionales, científicos, investigadores, jóvenes y público en general. En este trabajo se analiza la tecnología streaming, el webcasting y el podcasting y sus cada vez mayores aplicaciones en el campo de la pediatría. El streaming consiste en un servicio de transferencia de datos que permite la distribución de contenidos multimedia de manera continua a través de internet y en tiempo real, desde un servidor a un cliente en respuesta a una solicitud del mismo, sin necesidad de haberlos descargado previamente en nuestro ordenador. De forma similar, el webcasting consiste en la transmisión en directo de contenidos a través de internet, y se emplea con éxito en la retrasmisión de videoconferencias, dada la posibilidad de que los asistentes puedan interactuar. Por último, el podcasting se refiere al acto de distribuir archivos de audio en internet para su escucha en un ordenador, un reproductor mp3 o un dispositivo móvil. Numerosas asociaciones y sociedades de carácter científico o profesional, educativas, revistas, congresos y reuniones de carácter similar en el campo de la pediatría utilizan hoy en día esta tecnología, que goza de gran aceptación entre los usuarios (AU)

The distribution and broadcasting of multimedia content over the Internet has become a tool relatively cheap and simple in handling communication, being used by educators, professionals, scientists, researchers, young people and the general public. In this paper we analyze the streaming technology, webcasting and podcasting and its growing applications in the field of Pediatrics. Streaming is a data transfer service that enables the distribution of multimedia content continuously via the Internet in real time, from a server to a client in response to an application, and without being previously downloaded in our computer. Similarly, the webcasting is used to refer to the live broadcast of content via the Internet and it is used successfully in the transmission of videoconferences, given the possibility that attendees can interact. Finally, podcasting refers to the act of distributing audio files on the Internet for listening on a computer, mp3 player or mobile device. Numerous associations and scientific, educational or professional societies, journals, conferences and meetings of a similar nature in the field of Pediatrics use today this technology that is widely accepted among users (AU)

Modern, multi-media, advances in surgical information.

The need for education does not end with residency. Practicing surgeons must find ways to stay current. The boom in new technologic developments may significantly enhance our methods of teaching through the use of new mutli-media. Here we will explore some of the muti-media innovations that have or may have the greatest impact on surgical education. Live, interactive, and online forums have proven to be effective new methods of bringing people together to discuss and learn new concepts in medicine. These forums allow physicians to interact with key opinion leaders and flatten knowledge sharing, so that everyone may have a voice. The dynamic, fast paced, and interactive format allows for screen-based learning to be engaging and interactive. Information is now available online in multiple formats that are continuously updated, so that information is no longer outdated by the time it is published in a textbook. Multi-media is now being used to disseminate content through, archived video, live video, as well as audiocasts. All of these are creating more modern ways for physicians to stay up-to-date either at home, in the office, or when mobile. Lastly, new advanced, interactive, technology can allow experts to assist less-experienced surgeons as "virtual partners" through telementoring. With telementoring, an expert can be virtually present while another surgeon is performing a complex, new, operation, and the expert can help with voice suggestions and on-screen telestration. Pediatric surgical education has made a giant leap thanks to new developments in multi-media technology.

The development and evaluation of a multimedia resource for family carers of patients receiving palliative care: a consumer-led project.

OBJECTIVE: Previous intervention research has shown that group education sessions for carers are effective but not always feasible due to the demands of the caregiving role and the difficulty in getting carers to attend. This project was a consumer-led research initiative to develop and evaluate a multimedia resource (DVD) providing information and support for carers of people receiving palliative care. METHOD: Eight carers were recruited from a community palliative care service to form a steering committee for the project. In collaboration with two researchers, the committee discussed the topics that would be included in the resource, developed an interview guide, participated in the filmed interviews, and developed the evaluation program. The steering committee participated in a focus group as part of the evaluation to elicit their experiences of the project. An evaluation was conducted that included the following: questionnaires for 29 carers and 17 palliative care health professionals; follow-up telephone interviews with carers; a focus group with health professionals; and a focus group with the Carer Steering Committee. RESULTS: The carers and health professionals reported that the DVD was informative (93 and 94%, respectively), realistic (96 and 88%), supportive (93 and 88%), and helpful (83 and 100%). All health professionals and carers reported that they would recommend the resource to carers. Carers on the steering committee reported substantial benefits that involved the opportunity to help others and to openly discuss and reflect on their experiences. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: This is an important resource that can be utilized to support family carers and introduce palliative care. Currently, 1500 copies have been distributed to palliative care services and professionals nationwide and is available online at centreforpallcare.org/index.php/resources/carer_dvd/. Development of this DVD represents a strong collaboration between carers and researchers to produce a resource that is informative, supportive, and meaningful.

Dynamic quality of service model for improving performance of multimedia real-time transmission in industrial networks.

Nowadays, quality of service (QoS) is very popular in various research areas like distributed systems, multimedia real-time applications and networking. The requirements of these systems are to satisfy reliability, uptime, security constraints and throughput as well as application specific requirements. The real-time multimedia applications are commonly distributed over the network and meet various time constraints across networks without creating any intervention over control flows. In particular, video compressors make variable bit-rate streams that mismatch the constant-bit-rate channels typically provided by classical real-time protocols, severely reducing the efficiency of network utilization. Thus, it is necessary to enlarge the communication bandwidth to transfer the compressed multimedia streams using Flexible Time Triggered- Enhanced Switched Ethernet (FTT-ESE) protocol. FTT-ESE provides automation to calculate the compression level and change the bandwidth of the stream. This paper focuses on low-latency multimedia transmission over Ethernet with dynamic quality-of-service (QoS) management. This proposed framework deals with a dynamic QoS for multimedia transmission over Ethernet with FTT-ESE protocol. This paper also presents distinct QoS metrics based both on the image quality and network features. Some experiments with recorded and live video streams show the advantages of the proposed framework. To validate the solution we have designed and implemented a simulator based on the Matlab/Simulink, which is a tool to evaluate different network architecture using Simulink blocks.

Visual quality assessment after network transmission incorporating NS2 and Evalvid.

On the basis of Evalvid tool integrated in NS2 (Network Simulator version 2), the paper gets new set of tools, myEvalvid, to establish the simulation and evaluation platform for multimedia transmission. Then the paper investigates the effects of various influence factors when multimedia information is transmitted in the network and the relationships among these factors. Based on the analysis, the paper gets different evaluation models, respectively. In this paper, we study the impact on performance of several basic source and network parameters of video streams, namely, GOP (Group of Pictures) pattern, compression quantitative parameters, packet length, and packet error rate. Simulation results show that different parameters lead to different distortion levels which are calculated according to the reconstruction images at the receiver and the original images. The experimental results show that the video transmission and quality evaluation model we designed can evaluate multimedia transmission performance over complex environment very well.

An interactive multimedia program to prevent HIV transmission in men with intellectual disability.

The efficacy of a computer-based interactive multimedia HIV/AIDS prevention program for men with intellectual disability (ID) was examined using a quasi-experimental within-subjects design. Thirty-seven men with mild to moderate intellectual disability evaluated the program. The pretest and posttest instruments assessed HIV/AIDS knowledge (high-risk fluids, HIV transmission, and condom facts) and condom application skills. All outcome measures showed statistically significant gains from pretest to posttest, with medium to large effect sizes. In addition, a second study was conducted with twelve service providers who work with men with ID. Service providers reviewed the HIV/AIDS prevention program, completed a demographics questionnaire, and a program satisfaction survey. Overall, service providers rated the program highly on several outcome measures (stimulation, relevance, and usability).

The effect of multimedia interventions on the informed consent process for cataract surgery in rural South India.

CONTEXT: The provision of ocular surgical interventions for poorer, less educated populations is increasing as a result of increased globalization and outreach. However, these populations still have trouble understanding surgical concepts and are not always fully informed decision makers. AIMS: We aimed to test the effect that a multimedia addition to a traditional verbal informed consent would have on patient comprehension of relatively difficult cataract surgical concepts. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with relatively uneducated patients reporting to a private surgical hospital in Chennai, India. 47 patients were placed into the intervention group and 50 patients were placed into the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The intervention group was presented with a scripted verbal informed consent as well as a 3-fold pamphlet and a presentation with a 3-dimensional model of the eye. The control group was only presented with a scripted verbal informed consent. The two groups were tested using an 11 item "True/False/I don't know" quiz directly before the informed consent, directly after the informed consent, and one-day postoperatively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Scores on the quiz were compared across groups and time-points using paired t-tests. RESULTS: Patients in the both groups showed a significant improvement in scores between pre- and post-informed consent quizzes (P value on the order of 10(-6)) and the improvement in scores was significantly greater in the intervention group than the control group (P value on the order of 10(-16)). There was no significant difference observed in either group with regards to the change in scores between post-informed consent and post-operative quizzes. CONCLUSION: Multimedia aids in addition to a standard informed consent process are effective in improving patient comprehension even for patients with low literacy and limited knowledge of surgical interventions.

A domain-based approach for retrieving trustworthy health videos from YouTube.

Health information retrieval and YouTube can be used as powerful tools to improve user's health knowledge. However, YouTube videos must be carefully analysed in order to avoid misleading, inaccurate, obsolete and incorrect health content. We present an approach for re-ranking health videos obtained from YouTube, called Domain-based ranking. Our system automatically identifies videos coming from trusted sources (channels), such as hospitals and health organizations, and re-ranks YouTube results so that such videos are presented first in the ranking list. Video and channel metadata are used to automatically determine if a video is provided by a trusted source. The approach is tested and results show that the amount of relevant and reliable videos ranked within top-10 increase when using Domain-based ranking, compared with the original YouTube ranking.

The impact of presentation style on the retention of online health information: a randomized-controlled experiment.

The Internet plays an increasingly important role in health education, providing laypeople with information about health-related topics that range from disease-specific contexts to general health promotion. Compared to traditional health education, the Internet allows the use of multimedia applications that offer promise to enhance individuals' health knowledge and literacy. This study aims at testing the effect of multimedia presentation of health information on learning. Relying on an experimental design, it investigates how retention of information differs for text-only presentation, image-only presentation, and multimedia (text and image) presentation of online health information. Two hundred and forty students were randomly assigned to four groups each exposed to a different website version. Three groups were exposed to the same information using text only, image only, or text and image presentation. A fourth group received unrelated information (control group). Retention was assessed by the means of a recognition test. To examine a possible interaction between website version and recognition test, half of the students received a recognition test in text form and half of them received a recognition test in imagery form. In line with assumptions from Dual Coding Theory, students exposed to the multimedia (text and image) presentation recognized significantly more information than students exposed to the text-only presentation. This did not hold for students exposed to the image-only presentation. The impact of presentation style on retention scores was moderated by the way retention was assessed for image-only presentation, but not for text-only or multimedia presentation. Possible explanations and implications for the design of online health education interventions are discussed.